Toronto is home to many businesses, factories, and industrial sites. Today, we delve into the history and development of Gooderham & Worts, also known as Gooderham & Worts Limited. This enterprise was one of the most famous distilleries in the world during the 19th century and played a significant role in Toronto’s development. Read more on toronto1.one.
The Beginning: How It All Started
The story of this large-scale company began in 1832. Two relatives, James Worts and William Gooderham, decided to open a grain mill on the shores of Lake Ontario in Toronto. Their business thrived, processing grain from Ontario farmers and shipping it through Toronto’s port. However, tragedy struck in 1834 when James Worts’ wife passed away during childbirth. Overwhelmed by grief, Worts took his own life, leaving Gooderham to continue the business on his own.
In 1837, Gooderham expanded into brewing and distilling, recognizing its potential profitability. Soon, the production and trade of alcoholic beverages became the company’s primary focus.
Rapid Growth of the Company
In 1845, Gooderham brought James Worts Jr., the late Worts’ eldest son, into the business. By 1859, construction began on a distillery located along Toronto’s waterfront. The new facility boasted impressive production capabilities, manufacturing approximately 700,000 imperial gallons of alcohol by 1862—a quarter of all spirits produced in Canada at the time.
Over time, the company grew into one of Canada’s most prominent industrial enterprises, producing over two million gallons annually, which accounted for half of the country’s total alcohol production. Gooderham & Worts expanded its operations, becoming one of Toronto’s largest employers. Additionally, the company acquired a controlling stake in the Toronto and Nipissing Railway.
In 1892, the company constructed its Toronto headquarters, known as the Gooderham Building, which remains a city landmark to this day.
Decline of a Large-Scale Enterprise
Despite its early success, the company’s growth slowed toward the end of the 19th century. Sales dropped, and the Ontario Temperance Act of 1916, which banned alcohol sales in the province, dealt a significant blow to the business. Gooderham & Worts shifted its focus to exporting alcohol outside Ontario and producing antifreeze, which was vital for military use and the burgeoning automobile industry.
In 1923, the company was sold to Harry Hatch for $1.5 million. A year later, Hatch acquired Canada’s second-largest distiller, Hiram Walker & Sons Ltd. While alcohol production continued, declining demand forced a reduction in operations.
In 1928, the company faced charges of tax evasion and was fined $439,744.
By 1987, Gooderham & Worts Limited was sold again, this time to the British conglomerate Allied Lyons. Unfortunately, by the 1990s, the facility was closed due to outdated equipment. The site remained abandoned for years, though it occasionally served as a film location. Starting in 1990, over 800 movies and TV shows were filmed at the site.
Thankfully, the former Gooderham & Worts grounds were transformed into Toronto’s Distillery District.
Interestingly, in 1988, the distillery complex was designated a National Historic Site of Canada, recognized for its role in the evolution of Canada’s alcohol industry.
The Distillery District: A Vibrant Toronto Neighbourhood
The once-thriving industrial site has been transformed into a picturesque Toronto district. The former production buildings were restored and repurposed to create the Distillery District, now a cultural and tourist hotspot filled with cafes, restaurants, shops, galleries, and art studios. The area spans 5.3 hectares and features over 40 historic buildings and 10 streets.
During the 1990s, two residential condominiums were constructed in the area. In 2001, the site was purchased by Cityscape Holdings Inc., which converted it into a pedestrian-friendly zone.
The story of Gooderham & Worts Limited is a fascinating one, showcasing its rise as one of the world’s most renowned distilleries in the 19th century. The company left a lasting mark on Canada’s history and Toronto’s industrial development, driving the growth of the city’s alcohol industry.
We hope this article provided you with insight into Toronto’s rich history and the development of its alcohol industry. Have you ever visited the Distillery District? Share your impressions below!
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